@article{pocock2012,
	title = {The win ratio: a new approach to the analysis of composite endpoints in clinical trials based on clinical priorities},
	author = {Pocock, S. J. and Ariti, C. A. and Collier, T. J. and Wang, D.},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09},
	date = {2012-09-06},
	journal = {European Heart Journal},
	pages = {176--182},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehr352},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr352},
	langid = {en}
}
@article{pocock:2024,
  title={The win ratio in cardiology trials: lessons learnt, new developments, and wise future use},
  author={Pocock, Stuart J and Gregson, John and Collier, Timothy J and Ferreira, Joao Pedro and Stone, Gregg W},
  journal={European heart journal},
  volume={45},
  number={44},
  pages={4684--4699},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Oxford University Press UK}
}
@article{Luo2015,
	title = {An Alternative Approach to Confidence Interval Estimation for the Win Ratio Statistic},
	author = {Luo, Xiaodong and Tian, Hong and Mohanty, Surya and Tsai, Wei Yann},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08},
	date = {2015-08-25},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {139--145},
	volume = {71},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1111/biom.12225},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.12225},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Bebu2016,
	title = {Large sample inference for a win ratio analysis of a composite outcome based on prioritized components},
	author = {Bebu, Ionut and Lachin, John M.},
	year = {2016},
	month = {09},
	date = {2016-09-08},
	journal = {Biostatistics},
	pages = {178--187},
	volume = {17},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1093/biostatistics/kxv032},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxv032},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{oakes2016,
	title = {On the win-ratio statistic in clinical trials with multiple types of event},
	author = {Oakes, D.},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07},
	date = {2016-07-25},
	journal = {Biometrika},
	pages = {742--745},
	volume = {103},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1093/biomet/asw026},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asw026},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Mao2019,
	title = {On the Alternative Hypotheses for the Win Ratio},
	author = {Mao, Lu},
	year = {2019},
	month = {08},
	date = {2019-08-10},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {347--351},
	volume = {75},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1111/biom.12954},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.12954},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Dong2020,
	title = {The inverse-probability-of-censoring weighting (IPCW) adjusted win ratio statistic: an unbiased estimator in the presence of independent censoring},
	author = {Dong, Gaohong and Mao, Lu and Huang, Bo and Gamalo-Siebers, Margaret and Wang, Jiuzhou and Yu, GuangLei and Hoaglin, David C.},
	year = {2020b},
	month = {06},
	date = {2020b-06-17},
	journal = {Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {882--899},
	volume = {30},
	number = {5},
	doi = {10.1080/10543406.2020.1757692},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2020.1757692},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Dong2021,
	title = {Adjusting win statistics for dependent censoring},
	author = {Dong, Gaohong and Huang, Bo and Wang, Duolao and Verbeeck, Johan and Wang, Jiuzhou and Hoaglin, David C.},
	year = {2021},
	month = {11},
	date = {2021-11-28},
	journal = {Pharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {440--450},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1002/pst.2086},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pst.2086},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{WINS,
	title = {WINS: The R WINS Package},
	author = {Cui, Ying and Huang, Bo},
	year = {2023},
	date = {2023},
	url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=WINS}
}

@article{wang2023,
	title = {Missing Data Imputation for a Multivariate Outcome of Mixed Variable Types},
	author = {Wang, Tuo and Zilinskas, Rachel and Li, Ying and Qu, Yongming},
	year = {2023},
	month = {02},
	date = {2023-02-14},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {826--837},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2023.2169753},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2023.2169753},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{wang2024,
	title = {Restricted time win ratio: from estimands to estimation},
	author = {Wang, Tuo and Li, Ying and Qu, Yongming},
	year = {2024},
	month = {03},
	date = {2024-03-20},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {1--18},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2024.2332675},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2024.2332675},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Mao2023,
	title = {On restricted mean time in favor of treatment},
	author = {Mao, Lu},
	year = {2023},
	month = {10},
	date = {2023-10-17},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {61--72},
	volume = {79},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1111/biom.13570},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.13570},
	langid = {en}
}



@article{Mao2021,
	title = {A class of proportional win{-}fractions regression models for composite outcomes},
	author = {Mao, Lu and Wang, Tuo},
	year = {2021},
	month = {10},
	date = {2021-10-10},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {1265--1275},
	volume = {77},
	number = {4},
	doi = {10.1111/biom.13382},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.13382},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Wang2022,
	title = {Stratified proportional win{-}fractions regression analysis},
	author = {Wang, Tuo and Mao, Lu},
	year = {2022},
	month = {09},
	date = {2022-09-14},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {5305--5318},
	volume = {41},
	number = {26},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.9570},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.9570},
	langid = {en}
}



@article{wang2023a,
	title = {Statistical power considerations in the use of win ratio in cardiovascular outcome trials},
	author = {Wang, Bang and Zhou, Dali and Zhang, Jialu and Kim, Yoonhee and Chen, Ling-Wan and Dunnmon, Preston and Bai, Steven and Liu, Ququan and Ishida, Eiji},
	year = {2023},
	month = {01},
	date = {2023-01},
	journal = {Contemporary Clinical Trials},
	pages = {107040},
	volume = {124},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2022.107040},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2022.107040},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{gasparyan2021,
	title = {Power and sample size calculation for the win odds test: application to an ordinal endpoint in COVID-19 trials},
	author = {Gasparyan, Samvel B. and Kowalewski, Elaine K. and Folkvaljon, Folke and Bengtsson, Olof and Buenconsejo, Joan and Adler, John and Koch, Gary G.},
	year = {2021},
	month = {09},
	date = {2021-09-23},
	journal = {Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {765--787},
	volume = {31},
	number = {6},
	doi = {10.1080/10543406.2021.1968893},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2021.1968893},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{mao2022,
	title = {Sample size formula for general win ratio analysis},
	author = {Mao, Lu and Kim, KyungMann and Miao, Xinran},
	year = {2022},
	month = {06},
	date = {2022-06-08},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {1257--1268},
	volume = {78},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1111/biom.13501},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.13501},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{yu2022,
	title = {Sample size formula for a win ratio endpoint},
	author = {Yu, Ron Xiaolong and Ganju, Jitendra},
	year = {2022},
	month = {01},
	date = {2022-01-27},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {950--963},
	volume = {41},
	number = {6},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.9297},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.9297},
	langid = {en}
}



@article{Dong2020a,
	title = {The win ratio: Impact of censoring and follow{-}up time and use with nonproportional hazards},
	author = {Dong, Gaohong and Huang, Bo and Chang, {Yu{-}Wei} and Seifu, Yodit and Song, James and Hoaglin, David C.},
	year = {2020a},
	month = {10},
	date = {2020a-10-31},
	journal = {Pharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {168--177},
	volume = {19},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1002/pst.1977},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pst.1977},
	langid = {en}
}
@article{li2024,
  title={The Elusiveness of the Win Ratio Parameter in the Presence of Missing Data},
  author={Li, Heng and Chen, Wei-Chen and Lu, Nelson and Tang, Rong and Zhao, Yu},
  journal={Therapeutic Innovation \& Regulatory Science},
  pages={1--2},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Springer}
}
@article{Moertel1990,
	title = {Levamisole and Fluorouracil for Adjuvant Therapy of Resected Colon Carcinoma},
	author = {Moertel, Charles G. and Fleming, Thomas R. and Macdonald, John S. and Haller, Daniel G. and Laurie, John A. and Goodman, Phyllis J. and Ungerleider, James S. and Emerson, William A. and Tormey, Douglas C. and Glick, John H. and Veeder, Michael H. and Mailliard, James A.},
	year = {1990},
	month = {02},
	date = {1990-02-08},
	journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
	pages = {352--358},
	volume = {322},
	number = {6},
	doi = {10.1056/nejm199002083220602},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199002083220602},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{OConnor2009,
	title = {Efficacy and Safety of Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure},
	author = {{O{\textquoteright}Connor}, Christopher M. and Whellan, David J. and Lee, Kerry L. and Keteyian, Steven J. and Cooper, Lawton S. and Ellis, Stephen J. and Leifer, Eric S. and Kraus, William E. and Kitzman, Dalane W. and Blumenthal, James A. and Rendall, David S. and Miller, Nancy Houston and Fleg, Jerome L. and Schulman, Kevin A. and McKelvie, Robert S. and Zannad, Faiez and {Piña}, Ileana L. and HF-ACTION Investigators, for the},
	year = {2009},
	month = {04},
	date = {2009-04-08},
	journal = {JAMA},
	pages = {1439},
	volume = {301},
	number = {14},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.2009.454},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.454},
	langid = {en}
}


@misc{ich1998,
  title={Statistical principles for clinical trials.},
  author={ICH},
  year={1998},
  	howpublished={London: European Medicines Evaluation Agency},
		note = {Online; accessed Dec 29, 2023}
}

@misc{ich2020,
  title={ICH E9 (R1) Addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials to the Guideline on Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials, Step 5},
  author={ICH},
  year={2020},
  	howpublished={London: European Medicines Evaluation Agency},
		note = {Online; accessed Dec 29, 2023}
}

@misc{fda2022,
  title={Guidance for Industry: Multiple endpoints in clinical trials},
  author={FDA},
  year={2022},
  url={https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/multiple-endpoints-clinical-trials-guidance-industry},
		note = {Online; accessed Dec 29, 2023}
}


@misc{EUnetHTA2015,
  title={Endpoints used for Relative Effectiveness Assessment: Composite endpoints},
  author={EUnetHTA},
  year={2015},
  url={https://www.eunethta.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Endpoints-used-for-Relative-Effectiveness-Assessment-Composite-endpoints_Amended-JA1-Guideline_Final-Nov-2015_0.pdf},
		note = {Online; accessed Dec 29, 2023}
}





@article{Zinman2015,
	title = {Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes},
	author = {Zinman, Bernard and Wanner, Christoph and Lachin, John M. and Fitchett, David and Bluhmki, Erich and Hantel, Stefan and Mattheus, Michaela and Devins, Theresa and Johansen, Odd Erik and Woerle, Hans J. and Broedl, Uli C. and Inzucchi, Silvio E.},
	year = {2015},
	month = {11},
	date = {2015-11-26},
	journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
	pages = {2117--2128},
	volume = {373},
	number = {22},
	doi = {10.1056/nejmoa1504720},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1504720},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Mao2016,
	title = {Semiparametric regression for the weighted composite endpoint of recurrent and terminal events},
	author = {Mao, Lu and Lin, D. Y.},
	year = {2016},
	month = {4},
	journal = {Biostatistics},
	pages = {390--403},
	volume = {17},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1093/biostatistics/kxv050},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxv050},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{schmidli2023,
	title = {Estimands for Recurrent Event Endpoints in the Presence of a Terminal Event},
	author = {Schmidli, Heinz and Roger, James H. and Akacha, Mouna},
	year = {2023},
	month = {04},
	date = {2023-04-19},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {238--248},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2021.1895883},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2021.1895883},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{freemantle2003a,
	title = {Composite Outcomes in Randomized Trials},
	author = {Freemantle, Nick and Calvert, Melanie and Wood, John and Eastaugh, Joanne and Griffin, Carl},
	year = {2003},
	month = {05},
	date = {2003-05-21},
	journal = {JAMA},
	pages = {2554},
	volume = {289},
	number = {19},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.289.19.2554},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.19.2554},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{mao2021,
	title = {Statistical Models for Composite Endpoints of Death and Nonfatal Events: A Review},
	author = {Mao, Lu and Kim, KyungMann},
	year = {2021},
	month = {07},
	date = {2021-07-03},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {260--269},
	volume = {13},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2021.1927824},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2021.1927824},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{akacha2017,
	title = {Estimands and Their Role in Clinical Trials},
	author = {Akacha, Mouna and Bretz, Frank and Ohlssen, David and Rosenkranz, Gerd and Schmidli, Heinz},
	year = {2017},
	month = {07},
	date = {2017-07-03},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {268--271},
	volume = {9},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2017.1302358},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2017.1302358},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{ratitch2020,
	title = {Choosing Estimands in Clinical Trials: Putting the ICH E9(R1) Into Practice},
	author = {Ratitch, Bohdana and Bell, James and Mallinckrodt, Craig and Bartlett, Jonathan W. and Goel, Niti and Molenberghs, Geert and {O{\textquoteright}Kelly}, Michael and Singh, Pritibha and Lipkovich, Ilya},
	year = {2020},
	month = {01},
	date = {2020-01-04},
	journal = {Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science},
	pages = {324--341},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1007/s43441-019-00061-x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43441-019-00061-x},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{ionan2022,
	title = {Clinical and Statistical Perspectives on the ICH E9(R1) Estimand Framework Implementation},
	author = {Ionan, Alexei C. and Paterniti, Miya and Mehrotra, Devan V. and Scott, John and Ratitch, Bohdana and Collins, Sylva and Gomatam, Shanti and Nie, Lei and Rufibach, Kaspar and Bretz, Frank},
	year = {2022},
	month = {07},
	date = {2022-07-06},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {554--559},
	volume = {15},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2022.2081601},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2022.2081601},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{qu2021,
	title = {Implementation of ICH E9 (R1): A Few Points Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic},
	author = {Qu, Yongming and Lipkovich, Ilya},
	year = {2021},
	month = {05},
	date = {2021-05-13},
	journal = {Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science},
	pages = {984--988},
	volume = {55},
	number = {5},
	doi = {10.1007/s43441-021-00297-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43441-021-00297-6},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{mao2024,
  title={Defining estimand for the win ratio: Separate the true effect from censoring},
  author={Mao, Lu},
  journal={Clinical Trials},
  volume={21},
  number={5},
  pages={584--594},
  year={2024},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

@article{ghosh2000,
	title = {Nonparametric Analysis of Recurrent Events and Death},
	author = {Ghosh, Debashis and Lin, D. Y.},
	year = {2000},
	month = {06},
	date = {2000-06},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {554--562},
	volume = {56},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00554.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00554.x},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{gray1988,
	title = {A Class of $K$-Sample Tests for Comparing the Cumulative Incidence of a Competing Risk},
	author = {Gray, Robert J.},
	year = {1988},
	month = {09},
	date = {1988-09-01},
	journal = {The Annals of Statistics},
	volume = {16},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1214/aos/1176350951},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176350951}
}

@article{fine1999,
	title = {A Proportional Hazards Model for the Subdistribution of a Competing Risk},
	author = {Fine, Jason P. and Gray, Robert J.},
	year = {1999},
	month = {06},
	date = {1999-06},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	pages = {496--509},
	volume = {94},
	number = {446},
	doi = {10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{buyse2010,
	title = {Generalized pairwise comparisons of prioritized outcomes in the two{-}sample problem},
	author = {Buyse, Marc E},
	year = {2010},
	month = {12},
	date = {2010-12-16},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {3245--3257},
	volume = {29},
	number = {30},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.3923},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.3923},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{brunner2021,
	title = {Win odds: An adaptation of the win ratio to include ties},
	author = {Brunner, Edgar and Vandemeulebroecke, Marc and {Mütze}, Tobias},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04},
	date = {2021-04-16},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {3367--3384},
	volume = {40},
	number = {14},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.8967},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.8967},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{deltuvaite-thomas2022,
	title = {Generalized pairwise comparisons for censored data: An overview},
	author = {{Deltuvaite{-}Thomas}, Vaiva and Verbeeck, Johan and Burzykowski, Tomasz and Buyse, Marc and Tournigand, Christophe and Molenberghs, Geert and Thas, Olivier},
	year = {2022},
	month = {09},
	date = {2022-09-20},
	journal = {Biometrical Journal},
	volume = {65},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1002/bimj.202100354},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.202100354},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{verbeeck2023,
	title = {Generalized Pairwise Comparisons to Assess Treatment Effects},
	author = {Verbeeck, Johan and De Backer, {Mickaël} and Verwerft, Jan and Salvaggio, Samuel and Valgimigli, Marco and Vranckx, Pascal and Buyse, Marc and Brunner, Edgar},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09},
	date = {2023-09},
	journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
	pages = {1360--1372},
	volume = {82},
	number = {13},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.047},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.047},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{dong2016,
	title = {A generalized analytic solution to the win ratio to analyze a composite endpoint considering the clinical importance order among components},
	author = {Dong, Gaohong and Li, Di and Ballerstedt, Steffen and Vandemeulebroecke, Marc},
	year = {2016},
	month = {08},
	date = {2016-08-02},
	journal = {Pharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {430--437},
	volume = {15},
	number = {5},
	doi = {10.1002/pst.1763},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pst.1763},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Luo2017,
	title = {Weighted win loss approach for analyzing prioritized outcomes},
	author = {Luo, Xiaodong and Qiu, Junshan and Bai, Steven and Tian, Hong},
	year = {2017},
	month = {03},
	date = {2017-03-26},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {2452--2465},
	volume = {36},
	number = {15},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.7284},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.7284},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{dong2017,
	title = {The stratified win ratio},
	author = {Dong, Gaohong and Qiu, Junshan and Wang, Duolao and Vandemeulebroecke, Marc},
	year = {2018},
	month = {11},
	date = {2018-11-27},
	journal = {Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {778--796},
	volume = {28},
	number = {4},
	doi = {10.1080/10543406.2017.1397007},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2017.1397007},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{dong2023,
	title = {The stratified win statistics (win ratio, win odds, and net benefit)},
	author = {Dong, Gaohong and Hoaglin, David C. and Huang, Bo and Cui, Ying and Wang, Duolao and Cheng, Yu and {Gamalo{-}Siebers}, Margaret},
	year = {2023},
	month = {02},
	date = {2023-02-20},
	journal = {Pharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {748--756},
	volume = {22},
	number = {4},
	doi = {10.1002/pst.2293},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pst.2293},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{finkelstein1999,
	title = {Combining mortality and longitudinal measures in clinical trials},
	author = {Finkelstein, Dianne M. and Schoenfeld, David A.},
	year = {1999},
	month = {06},
	date = {1999-06-15},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {1341--1354},
	volume = {18},
	number = {11},
	doi = {10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990615)18:11<1341::aid-sim129>3.0.co;2-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990615)18:11<1341::aid-sim129>3.0.co;2-7},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{mao2022a,
	title = {On recurrent-event win ratio},
	author = {Mao, Lu and Kim, KyungMann and Li, Yi},
	year = {2022},
	month = {03},
	date = {2022-03-29},
	journal = {Statistical Methods in Medical Research},
	pages = {1120--1134},
	volume = {31},
	number = {6},
	doi = {10.1177/09622802221084134},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09622802221084134},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{oakes1989,
	title = {Bivariate Survival Models Induced by Frailties},
	author = {Oakes, David},
	year = {1989},
	month = {06},
	date = {1989-06},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	pages = {487--493},
	volume = {84},
	number = {406},
	doi = {10.1080/01621459.1989.10478795},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1989.10478795},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{zhou2022,
	title = {Calculating power for the Finkelstein and Schoenfeld test statistic for a composite endpoint with two components},
	author = {Zhou, Thomas J. and LaValley, Michael P. and Nelson, Kerrie P. and Cabral, Howard J. and Massaro, Joseph M.},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04},
	date = {2022-04-29},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {3321--3335},
	volume = {41},
	number = {17},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.9419},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.9419},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{seifu2022,
	title = {Design of paediatric trials with benefit-risk endpoints using a composite score of adverse events of interest (AEI) and win-statistics},
	author = {Seifu, Yodit and Mt-Isa, Shahrul and Duke, Kyle and Gamalo-Siebers, Margaret and Wang, William and Dong, Gaohong and Kolassa, John},
	year = {2022},
	month = {12},
	date = {2022-12-22},
	journal = {Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {696--707},
	volume = {33},
	number = {6},
	doi = {10.1080/10543406.2022.2153202},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2022.2153202},
	langid = {en}
}
@article{maow2024,
	title = {Dissecting the restricted mean time in favor of treatment},
	author = {Mao, Lu and Wang, Tuo},
	year = {2024},
	month = {05},
	date = {2024-05-24},
	journal = {Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {111--126},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1080/10543406.2023.2210658},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2023.2210658},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{mao2023a,
	title = {Power and Sample Size Calculations for the Restricted Mean Time Analysis of Prioritized Composite Endpoints},
	author = {Mao, Lu},
	year = {2023},
	month = {10},
	date = {2023-10-03},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {540--548},
	volume = {15},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2022.2110936},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2022.2110936},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{mao2023b,
	title = {Study Design for Restricted Mean Time Analysis of Recurrent Events and Death},
	author = {Mao, Lu},
	year = {2023},
	month = {08},
	date = {2023-08-23},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {3701--3714},
	volume = {79},
	number = {4},
	doi = {10.1111/biom.13923},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.13923},
	langid = {en}
}
@article{troendle2024,
	title = {Use of win time for ordered composite endpoints in clinical trials},
	author = {Troendle, James F. and Leifer, Eric S. and Yang, Song and Jeffries, Neal and Kim, {Dong{-}Yun} and Joo, Jungnam and {O'Connor}, Christopher M.},
	year = {2024},
	month = {02},
	date = {2024-02-28},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {1920--1932},
	volume = {43},
	number = {10},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.10045},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.10045},
	langid = {en}
}


@misc{akacha:2018,
    author = {Akacha, M. and Binkowitz, B. and Bretz, F. and Fritsch, A. and Hougaard, P. 
    and Jahn-Eimermacher, A. and et al.},
    title = {Request for CHMP qualification opinion: clinically interpretable treatment effect measures based on recurrent event endpoints that allow for efficient statistical analyses},
    howpublished = {\url{http://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/other/qualification-opinion-treatment-effect-measures-when-using-recurrent-event-endpoints-applicants_en.pdf}},
    note = {European Medicines Agency,Online; accessed Nov 3 2023} ,
    year=2018,
}


@misc{CHMP:2020,
    author = {CHMP},
    title = {Qualification opinion of clinically interpretable treatment effect measures based on recurrent event endpoints that allow for efficient statistical analyses},
    howpublished = {\url{https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/qualification-opinion-clinically-interpretable-treatment-effect-measures-based-recurrent-event_en.pdf}},
    note = {European Medicines Agency; Online; accessed Nov 3 2023} ,
    year=2020,
}

@article{mao2023c,
	title = {Nonparametric Inference of General While-Alive Estimands for Recurrent Events},
	author = {Mao, Lu},
	year = {2023},
	month = {06},
	date = {2023-12-22},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {1749--1760},
	volume = {79},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1111/biom.13709},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.13709},
	langid = {en}
}


@article{schmidli2021,
	title = {Estimands for Recurrent Event Endpoints in the Presence of a Terminal Event},
	author = {Schmidli, Heinz and Roger, James H. and Akacha, Mouna},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {238--248},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2021.1895883},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2021.1895883},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{schmidli2023,
	title = {Rejoinder to Commentaries on {\textquotedblleft}Estimands for Recurrent Event Endpoints in the Presence of a Terminal Event{\textquotedblright}},
	author = {Schmidli, Heinz and Roger, James H. and Akacha, Mouna and , },
	year = {2023},
	month = {04},
	date = {2023-04-03},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {255--256},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2023.2166098},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2023.2166098},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Uno2023,
	title = {Ratio and difference of average hazard with survival weight: New measures to quantify survival benefit of new therapy},
	author = {Uno, Hajime and Horiguchi, Miki},
	year = {2023},
	month = {01},
	date = {2023-01-05},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {936--952},
	volume = {42},
	number = {7},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.9651},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.9651},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{fritsch2021,
	title = {Efficiency Comparison of Analysis Methods for Recurrent Event and Time-to-First Event Endpoints in the Presence of Terminal Events{\textemdash}Application to Clinical Trials in Chronic Heart Failure},
	author = {Fritsch, Arno and {Schlömer}, Patrick and Mendolia, Franco and {Mütze}, Tobias and Jahn-Eimermacher, Antje and , },
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {268--279},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2021.1945488},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2021.1945488},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{wei2021a,
	title = {Properties of Two While-Alive Estimands for Recurrent Events and Their Potential Estimators},
	author = {Wei, Jiawei and {Mütze}, Tobias and Jahn-Eimermacher, Antje and Roger, James},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {257--267},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2021.1994457},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2021.1994457},
	langid = {en}
}





@article{royston2011,
	title = {The use of restricted mean survival time to estimate the treatment effect in randomized clinical trials when the proportional hazards assumption is in doubt},
	author = {Royston, Patrick and Parmar, Mahesh K. B.},
	year = {2011},
	month = {05},
	date = {2011-05-25},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {2409--2421},
	volume = {30},
	number = {19},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.4274},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4274},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{lin1993,
	title = {Checking the Cox model with cumulative sums of martingale-based residuals},
	author = {Lin, D. Y. and Wei, L. J. and Ying, Z.},
	year = {1993},
	date = {1993},
	journal = {Biometrika},
	pages = {557--572},
	volume = {80},
	number = {3},
	doi = {10.1093/biomet/80.3.557},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/80.3.557},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{Bennett1983,
	title = {Analysis of survival data by the proportional odds model},
	author = {Bennett, Steve},
	year = {1983},
	month = {04},
	date = {1983-04},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {273--277},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.4780020223},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780020223},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{murphy1997,
	title = {Maximum Likelihood Estimation in the Proportional Odds Model},
	author = {Murphy, S. A. and Rossini, A. J. and van der Vaart, A. W.},
	year = {1997},
	month = {09},
	date = {1997-09},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	pages = {968--976},
	volume = {92},
	number = {439},
	doi = {10.1080/01621459.1997.10474051},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1997.10474051},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{follmann2019,
	title = {Analysis of ordered composite endpoints},
	author = {Follmann, Dean and Fay, Michael P and Hamasaki, Toshimitsu and Evans, Scott},
	year = {2019},
	month = {12},
	date = {2019-12-19},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {602--616},
	volume = {39},
	number = {5},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.8431},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.8431},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{song2022,
	title = {The win odds: statistical inference and regression},
	author = {Song, James and Verbeeck, Johan and Huang, Bo and Hoaglin, David C. and Gamalo-Siebers, Margaret and Seifu, Yodit and Wang, Duolao and Cooner, Freda and Dong, Gaohong},
	year = {2022},
	month = {08},
	date = {2022-08-10},
	journal = {Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {140--150},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1080/10543406.2022.2089156},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2022.2089156},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{tsiatis2008,
	title = {Covariate adjustment for two{-}sample treatment comparisons in randomized clinical trials: A principled yet flexible approach},
	author = {Tsiatis, Anastasios A. and Davidian, Marie and Zhang, Min and Lu, Xiaomin},
	year = {2008},
	month = {08},
	date = {2008-08-28},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {4658--4677},
	volume = {27},
	number = {23},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.3113},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.3113},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{wang2021,
	title = {Model-Robust Inference for Clinical Trials that Improve Precision by Stratified Randomization and Covariate Adjustment},
	author = {Wang, Bingkai and Susukida, Ryoko and Mojtabai, Ramin and Amin-Esmaeili, Masoumeh and Rosenblum, Michael},
	year = {2021},
	month = {11},
	date = {2021-11-17},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	pages = {1152--1163},
	volume = {118},
	number = {542},
	doi = {10.1080/01621459.2021.1981338},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2021.1981338},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{ye2022,
	title = {Toward Better Practice of Covariate Adjustment in Analyzing Randomized Clinical Trials},
	author = {Ye, Ting and Shao, Jun and Yi, Yanyao and Zhao, Qingyuan},
	year = {2023},
	month = {03},
	date = {2023-03-27},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	pages = {2370--2382},
	volume = {118},
	number = {544},
	doi = {10.1080/01621459.2022.2049278},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2022.2049278},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{mao2018,
	title = {On causal estimation using $U$-statistics},
	author = {Mao, Lu},
	year = {2018},
	month = {12},
	date = {2018-12-14},
	journal = {Biometrika},
	pages = {215--220},
	volume = {105},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1093/biomet/asx071},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asx071},
	langid = {en}
}

@misc{fda:2023,
  title={Guidance Document: Adjusting for Covariates in Randomized Clinical Trials for Drugs and Biological Products },
  author={FDA},
  year={2023},
  	howpublished={US Food and Drug Adminstration},
		note = {Online; accessed Dec 29, 2023},
		url={https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/adjusting-covariates-randomized-clinical-trials-drugs-and-biological-products}
}

@article{lu2021,
	title = {Statistical Considerations for Sequential Analysis of the Restricted Mean Survival Time for Randomized Clinical Trials},
	author = {Lu, Ying and Tian, Lu},
	year = {2021},
	month = {10},
	date = {2021-10-09},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {210--218},
	volume = {13},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2020.1816491},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2020.1816491},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{luo2019,
	title = {Design and monitoring of survival trials based on restricted mean survival times},
	author = {Luo, Xiaodong and Huang, Bo and Quan, Hui},
	year = {2019},
	month = {08},
	date = {2019-08-26},
	journal = {Clinical Trials},
	pages = {616--625},
	volume = {16},
	number = {6},
	doi = {10.1177/1740774519871447},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774519871447},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{wu2013,
	title = {Causal inference for Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank sum and other nonparametric statistics},
	author = {Wu, P. and Han, Y. and Chen, T. and Tu, X.M.},
	year = {2013},
	month = {10},
	date = {2013-10-16},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {1261--1271},
	volume = {33},
	number = {8},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.6026},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.6026},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{fay2018,
	title = {Causal estimands and confidence intervals associated with Wilcoxon{-}Mann{-}Whitney tests in randomized experiments},
	author = {Fay, Michael P. and Brittain, Erica H. and Shih, Joanna H. and Follmann, Dean A. and Gabriel, Erin E.},
	year = {2018},
	month = {05},
	date = {2018-05-17},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {2923--2937},
	volume = {37},
	number = {20},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.7799},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.7799},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{péron2016,
	title = {An extension of generalized pairwise comparisons for prioritized outcomes in the presence of censoring},
	author = {{Péron}, Julien and Buyse, Marc and Ozenne, Brice and Roche, Laurent and Roy, Pascal},
	year = {2016},
	month = {08},
	date = {2016-08-02},
	journal = {Statistical Methods in Medical Research},
	pages = {1230--1239},
	volume = {27},
	number = {4},
	doi = {10.1177/0962280216658320},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280216658320},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{dong2022,
	title = {Win statistics (win ratio, win odds, and net benefit) can complement one another to show the strength of the treatment effect on time{-}to{-}event outcomes},
	author = {Dong, Gaohong and Huang, Bo and Verbeeck, Johan and Cui, Ying and Song, James and {Gamalo{-}Siebers}, Margaret and Wang, Duolao and Hoaglin, David C. and Seifu, Yodit and {Mütze}, Tobias and Kolassa, John},
	year = {2022},
	month = {06},
	date = {2022-06-27},
	journal = {Pharmaceutical Statistics},
	pages = {20--33},
	volume = {22},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1002/pst.2251},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pst.2251},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{dong2019,
	title = {The Win Ratio: On Interpretation and Handling of Ties},
	author = {Dong, Gaohong and Hoaglin, David C. and Qiu, Junshan and Matsouaka, Roland A. and Chang, Yu-Wei and Wang, Jiuzhou and Vandemeulebroecke, Marc},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04},
	date = {2020-04-25},
	journal = {Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
	pages = {99--106},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1080/19466315.2019.1575279},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2019.1575279},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{redfors2020,
	title = {The win ratio approach for composite endpoints: practical guidance based on previous experience},
	author = {Redfors, {Björn} and Gregson, John and Crowley, Aaron and McAndrew, Thomas and Ben-Yehuda, Ori and Stone, Gregg W and Pocock, Stuart J},
	year = {2020},
	month = {09},
	date = {2020-09-09},
	journal = {European Heart Journal},
	pages = {4391--4399},
	volume = {41},
	number = {46},
	doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa665},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa665},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{yang2020,
	title = {Event-specific win ratios and testing with terminal and non-terminal events},
	author = {Yang, Song and Troendle, James},
	year = {2020},
	month = {11},
	date = {2020-11-24},
	journal = {Clinical Trials},
	pages = {180--187},
	volume = {18},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1177/1740774520972408},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774520972408},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{yang2022,
	title = {Event{-}specific win ratios for inference with terminal and non{-}terminal events},
	author = {Yang, Song and Troendle, James and Pak, Daewoo and Leifer, Eric},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11},
	date = {2022-11-23},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	pages = {1225--1241},
	volume = {41},
	number = {7},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.9266},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.9266},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{gehan1965,
	title = {A generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing arbitrarily singly-censored samples},
	author = {Gehan, E. A.},
	year = {1965},
	month = {06},
	date = {1965-06-01},
	journal = {Biometrika},
	pages = {203--224},
	volume = {52},
	number = {1-2},
	doi = {10.1093/biomet/52.1-2.203},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/52.1-2.203},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{gasparyan2020,
	title = {Adjusted win ratio with stratification: Calculation methods and interpretation},
	author = {Gasparyan, Samvel B and Folkvaljon, Folke and Bengtsson, Olof and Buenconsejo, Joan and Koch, Gary G},
	year = {2020},
	month = {07},
	date = {2020-07-29},
	journal = {Statistical Methods in Medical Research},
	pages = {580--611},
	volume = {30},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1177/0962280220942558},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280220942558},
	langid = {en}
}

@article{tian2020,
	title = {On the empirical choice of the time window for restricted mean survival time},
	author = {Tian, Lu and Jin, Hua and Uno, Hajime and Lu, Ying and Huang, Bo and Anderson, Keaven M. and Wei, LJ},
	year = {2020},
	month = {02},
	date = {2020-02-26},
	journal = {Biometrics},
	pages = {1157--1166},
	volume = {76},
	number = {4},
	doi = {10.1111/biom.13237},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.13237},
	langid = {en}
}

% ---------

@article{zou:2005,
  title={Regularization and variable selection via the elastic net},
  author={Zou, Hui and Hastie, Trevor},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  volume={67},
  number={2},
  pages={301--320},
  year={2005},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@article{friedman:2010,
  title={Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent},
  author={Friedman, Jerome and Hastie, Trevor and Tibshirani, Rob},
  journal={Journal of Statistical Software},
  volume={33},
  number={1},
  pages={1},
  year={2010},
  publisher={NIH Public Access}
}

@article{harrell:1982,
  title={Evaluating the yield of medical tests},
  author={Harrell, Frank E and Califf, Robert M and Pryor, David B and Lee, Kerry L and Rosati, Robert A},
  journal={JAMA},
  volume={247},
  number={18},
  pages={2543--2546},
  year={1982},
  publisher={American Medical Association}
}

@article{harrell:1984,
  title={Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction},
  author={Harrell, Frank E and Lee, Kerry L and Califf, Robert M and Pryor, David B and Rosati, Robert A},
  journal={Statistics in Medicine},
  volume={3},
  number={2},
  pages={143--152},
  year={1984},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}


@article{cheung:2019,
  title={Prioritized concordance index for hierarchical survival outcomes},
  author={Cheung, Li C and Pan, Qing and Hyun, Noorie and Katki, Hormuzd A},
  journal={Statistics in Medicine},
  year={2019},
  volume={38},
  number={15},
  pages={2868--2882},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{uno:2011,
  title={On the C-statistics for evaluating overall adequacy of risk prediction procedures with censored survival data},
  author={Uno, Hajime and Cai, Tianxi and Pencina, Michael J and D'Agostino, Ralph B and Wei, Lee-Jen},
  journal={Statistics in Medicine},
  volume={30},
  number={10},
  pages={1105--1117},
  year={2011},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{mao2025,
	title = {Regularized win ratio regression for variable selection and risk prediction, with an application to a cardiovascular trial},
	author = {Mao, Lu},
	year = {2025},
	month = {04},
	date = {2025-04-17},
	journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1186/s12874-025-02554-w},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02554-w},
	langid = {en}
}


% Recent additions
@article{monzo:2024,
  title={Use of the win ratio analysis in critical care trials},
  author={Monzo, Luca and Levy, Bruno and Duarte, Kevin and Baudry, Guillaume and Combes, Alain and Ouattara, Alexandre and Delmas, Cl{\'e}ment and Kimmoun, Antoine and Girerd, Nicolas},
  journal={American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine},
  volume={209},
  number={7},
  pages={798--804},
  year={2024},
  publisher={American Thoracic Society}
}

@article{zhao:2024,
  author    = {Zhao, Dandan and Pocock, Stuart J. and Rogers, Jonathan K. and others},
  title     = {Win Ratio in Clinical Trials: Current Applications, Limitations, and Future Directions},
  journal   = {Circulation},
  year      = {2024},
  volume    = {149},
  number    = {19},
  pages     = {1460--1472},
  doi       = {10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067786},
  url       = {https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067786}
}

@article{salvaggio:2025,
  author    = {Salvaggio, Samuel and Monsell, Sarah E. and Heagerty, Patrick J. and De Backer, Mickael and Barr{\'e}, Emilie and Chiem, Jean-Christophe and Saad, Everardo D. and Buyse, Marc and Flum, David R.},
  title     = {Generalized Pairwise Comparisons to Support Shared Decision-Making in the CODA Trial},
  journal   = {JAMA Network Open},
  year      = {2025},
  volume    = {8},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {e252484},
  doi       = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.2484},
  url       = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2831949}
}

@article{cordeiro:2024,
  author    = {Cordeiro, Pedro and Pocock, Stuart J. and Buyse, Marc and others},
  title     = {The Win Ratio: A Useful and Intuitive Tool for Analyzing Composite Endpoints in Clinical Trials},
  journal   = {European Heart Journal},
  year      = {2024},
  volume    = {45},
  number    = {44},
  pages     = {4684--4693},
  doi       = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehae682},
  url       = {https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/45/44/4684/7822474}
}

@article{maurer:2018,
  title={Tafamidis treatment for patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy},
  author={Maurer, Mathew S and Schwartz, Jeffrey H and Gundapaneni, Balarama and Elliott, Perry M and Merlini, Giampaolo and Waddington-Cruz, Marcia and Kristen, Arnt V and Grogan, Martha and Witteles, Ronald and Damy, Thibaud and others},
  journal={New England Journal of Medicine},
  volume={379},
  number={11},
  pages={1007--1016},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Mass Medical Soc}
}

@article{kondo:2023,
  title={Use of win statistics to analyze outcomes in the DAPA-HF and DELIVER trials},
  author={Kondo, Toru and Gasparyan, Samvel B and Jhund, Pardeep S and Bengtsson, Olof and Claggett, Brian L and de Boer, Rudolf A and Hernandez, Adrian F and Inzucchi, Silvio E and Kosiborod, Mikhail N and K{\o}ber, Lars and others},
  journal={NEJM evidence},
  volume={2},
  number={11},
  pages={EVIDoa2300042},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Massachusetts Medical Society}
}

@article{ferreira:2020,
  title={Use of the win ratio in cardiovascular trials},
  author={Ferreira, Jo{\~a}o Pedro and Jhund, Pardeep S and Duarte, K{\'e}vin and Claggett, Brian L and Solomon, Scott D and Pocock, Stuart and Petrie, Mark C and Zannad, Faiez and McMurray, John JV},
  journal={Heart failure},
  volume={8},
  number={6},
  pages={441--450},
  year={2020},
  publisher={American College of Cardiology Foundation Washington DC}
}


@article{gregson:2025,
  title={Hierarchical Composite Outcomes and Win Ratio Methods in Cardiovascular Trials: A Review and Consequent Guidance},
  author={Gregson, John and Taylor, Dylan and Owen, Ruth and Collier, Tim and J. Cohen, David and Pocock, Stuart},
  journal={Circulation},
  volume={151},
  number={22},
  pages={1606--1619},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins Hagerstown, MD}
}

@book{buyse:2025,
  title={Handbook of Generalized Pairwise Comparisons: Methods for Patient-centric Analysis},
  author={Buyse, Marc E and Verbeeck, Johan and De Backer, Micka{\"e}l and Deltuvaite-Thomas, Vaiva and Saad, Everardo D and Molenberghs, Geert},
  year={2025},
  publisher={CRC Press, Taylor \& Francis Group}
}


@article{gillmore:2024,
  title     = {Efficacy and Safety of Acoramidis in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy},
  author    = {Gillmore, Julian D. and Judge, Daniel P. and Cappelli, Francesco and Fontana, Marianna and Garcia-Pavia, Pablo and Gibbs, Simon and Grogan, Martha and Hanna, Mazen and Hoffman, James and Masri, Ahmad and Maurer, Mathew S. and Nativi-Nicolau, Jose and Obici, Laura and Poulsen, Steen Hvitfeldt and Rockhold, Frank and Shah, Keyur B. and Soman, Prem and Garg, Jyotsna and Chiswell, Karen and Xu, Haolin and Cao, Xiaofan and Lystig, Ted and Sinha, Uma and Fox, Jonathan C.},
  journal   = {New England Journal of Medicine},
  year      = {2024},
  volume    = {390},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {132--142},
  doi       = {10.1056/NEJMoa2305434},
  url       = {https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2305434}
}

@article{tavares:2024,
  title     = {Dapagliflozin for Critically Ill Patients with Acute Organ Dysfunction: The DEFENDER Randomized Clinical Trial},
  author    = {Tavares, Caio A. M. and Azevedo, Luciano C. P. and Rea-Neto, Álvaro and Campos, Niklas S. and Amendola, Cristina P. and Kozesinski-Nakatani, Amanda C. and David-João, Paula G. and Lobo, Suzana M. and Filiponi, Thiago C. and Almeida, Guacyra M. B. and Bergo, Ricardo R. and Guimarães-Júnior, Mário R. R. and Figueiredo, Rodrigo C. and Castro, Joan R. and Schuler, Clewer J. and Westphal, Glauco A. and Carioca, Ana C. R. and Monfradini, Frederico and Nieri, Josue and Neves, Flavia M. O. and Paulo, Jaqueline A. and Albuquerque, Camila S. N. and Silva, Mariana C. R. and Kosiborod, Mikhail N. and Pereira, Adriano J. and Damiani, Lucas P. and Corrêa, Thiago D. and Serpa-Neto, Ary and Berwanger, Otavio and Zampieri, Fernando G.},
  journal   = {JAMA},
  year      = {2024},
  volume    = {332},
  number    = {5},
  pages     = {401--411},
  doi       = {10.1001/jama.2024.10510},
  url       = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826449}
}



@article{barnhart:2025:sim,
  title={Sample Size and Power Calculations With Win Measures Based on Hierarchical Endpoints},
  author={Barnhart, Huiman and Lokhnygina, Yuliya and Matsouaka, Roland and Halabi, Susan and Yanez, David and Mentz, Robert J and Rockhold, Frank},
  journal={Statistics in Medicine},
  volume={44},
  number={10-12},
  pages={e70096},
  year={2025a},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{barnhart:2025:sbr,
  title={Trial design with win statistics for multiple time-to-event endpoints with hierarchy},
  author={Barnhart, Huiman and Lokhnygina, Yuliya and Matsouaka, Roland A and Rockhold, Frank W},
  journal={Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research},
  volume={17},
  number={2},
  pages={197--210},
  year={2025b},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{evans:2015:door,
  title={Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) and response adjusted for duration of antibiotic risk (RADAR)},
  author={Evans, Scott R and Rubin, Daniel and Follmann, Dean and Pennello, Gene and Huskins, W Charles and Powers, John H and Schoenfeld, David and Chuang-Stein, Christy and Cosgrove, Sara E and Fowler Jr, Vance G and others},
  journal={Clinical Infectious Diseases},
  volume={61},
  number={5},
  pages={800--806},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}
@article{butler:2024,
  title={Win ratio: a seductive but potentially misleading method for evaluating evidence from clinical trials},
  author={Butler, Javed and Stockbridge, Norman and Packer, Milton},
  journal={Circulation},
  volume={149},
  number={20},
  pages={1546--1548},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins Hagerstown, MD}
}


@article{mao2025a,
	title = {Approximating win-loss probabilities based on the overall and event-free survival functions},
	author = {Mao, Lu},
	year = {2025},
	month = {11},
	date = {2025-11},
	journal = {Statistics & Probability Letters},
	pages = {110478},
	volume = {226},
	doi = {10.1016/j.spl.2025.110478},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2025.110478},
	langid = {en}
}


@manual{rmt-software,
  author = {Mao, Lu},
  title = {{rmt}: Restricted Mean Time in Favor of Treatment},
  year = {2021},
  note = {R package version 1.0},
  url = {https://cran.r-project.org/package=rmt}
}

@manual{wcompo-software,
  author = {Mao, Lu},
  title = {{Wcompo}: Semiparametric Proportional Means Regression of Weighted Composite Endpoint},
  year = {2021},
  note = {R package version 1.0},
  url = {https://cran.r-project.org/package=Wcompo}
}